What is Trichiasis? (Etiology, Symptoms, Signs, Treatment)



It refers to the inward misdirection of cilia (which rub against the eyeball) with the normal position of the lid margin.

Trichiasis is a common lid abnormality. The condition in which your eyelashes start growing in the wrong direction. When your eyelashes turn inward to wards your eye. They can rub against your eyeball and it will cause problems.

Trichiasis don't have any specific age to cause. But it is seen more common in adults.

Cause

  1. Eye infection
  2. Information (swelling) of eyelid
  3. Autoimmune condition
  4. Trauma

Symptoms

  1. You may feel irrigation ( foreign body sensation)
  2. Redness
  3. Tearing
  4. Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  5. Pain and lacrimation
If your eyelashes rub against the corner for long periods of time it may cause corneal abrasion or corneal ulcer.

Etiology 

  1. Common causes of trichiasis are: cicatrizing trachoma
  2. Ulcerative blepharitis/bacterial
  3. Healed membranous
  4. Conjunctivitis/diphtheria, 
  5. Hordeolum externum, 
  6. Mechanical injuries, 
  7. burn, and
  8. Operative scar on the lid margin.



Signs

  1. The Misdirected cilia one or more touching the cornea.
  2. Reflex blepharospam and photophobia occur when cornea is abraded.
  3. Conjunctiva may be congested.
  4. Sign of causative disease viz. trachoma, blepharitis.

Complication

  1. These include recurrent corneal
  • The Abrasions, superfical corneal opacities, corneal vascularisation and non healing corneal ulcer.
  • When not treated in time, what complication can occurs in case of trichiasis ?
  1. Cornea abrasion 
  2. Superficial corneal opacities 
  3. Corneal vascularization 
  4. Non healig corneal ulceration.

Treatment

  • Contact lens
The  few misdirected cilia may be treated by any of the following methods:

  1. Epilation(mechanical removal with forceps).It is a temporary measure, as recurrence occurs within 3-4 weeks.
  2. Electrolysis. This is a method of destroying the lash follicle by electric current. In this technique, infiltration anaesthesia is given to the lid and a current of 2mA is passed for 10 seconds through a fine needle inserted into the lash root. The loosened cilia with destroyed follicles are then removed with epilation forceps.
  3. Cryoepilation. This is also an effective method of treating trichiasis. After infiltration anaesthesia,the cryoprob (-20°C) is applied for 20-25 seconds to the external lid margin by double freeze thaw technique.Its main disadvantage is depigmentation of the skin.
  4. Surgical correction. When many cilia are misdirected
Operative treatment similar to cicatrical entropion should be employed.

Written by Barsha Panth
Location: United States

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