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What is Lag-Ophthalmos? | Etiology | complication | treatments

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 Lag-Ophthalmos This condition is characterized by the inability to close the eyelids voluntarily. Physiologically some people sleep with their eyes open (nocturnal lagophthalmos). Etiology It occurs in patients with paralysis of orbicularis oculi   muscles facial nerve palsy CN VII, Cicatricial contraction of the lids, Symblepharon - adhesion of eyelid to eyeball severe ectropion  - eyelid turns outward Marked proptosis Eyelid scarring Myxo-edema - hypothyroidism in adults Following over-resection of the levator palpebrae superior muscle for ptosis, and in comatose patients. Due to lack of blinking xerosis of the conjunctiva. Physiologically some people sleep with their eyes open (nocturnal lagophthalmos) in healthy individuals. Clinical features It is characterized by incomplete  The Closure of the palpebral aperture is associated with features of the causative disease. Complications Normally the cornea is covered by eyelids during sleep and is constantly kept mois...
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Colour blindness red, green |Test for colour blindness

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 Colour Blindness The inability of seeing color in a normal way is known as Colour blindness. Colour blindness is also known as color deficiency. It happens when someone did not recognize certain color. This usually happens between the color like red, green, and blue.  This diagnostic test will help to determine if you suffer from red-green color blindness. Can you identify the following numbers?  if you had difficulties in identifying the numbers you may be suffering from red-green color blindness and should consult with an optometrist. In the retina, we have two types of cells that detect light and color. They are rods and cones. Rods only detect light and dark which are sensitive to low light levels. whereas cones detect color and are concentrated near the center of vision. There are three types of cones that detect color: Red, Green, and Blue. Symptoms The symptoms of color blindness range from mild to severe. Most of the people did not recognize the color deficiency ...
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Chalazion(Etiology,symptoms,signs,complication,treatment)

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The tarsal or meibomian cyst is a chronic non-infective (non-suppurative) lipogranulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland is called a chalazion . This is the commonest of all lid lumps. Glands of eyelids Meibomian glands Glands of Zeis Glands of moll Accessory lacrimal glands of wolverine Etiology Predisposing factors are similar to a hordeolum. Pathogenesis. First, there occurs mild grade infection of the meibomian gland by organisms of very virulence. The pent-up and extravasated secretion act like an irritant and excite non-infective  lipogranulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland and surrounding tissue. Symptoms Painless swelling in the eyelid, gradually increases in size is the main presenting symptom. The Mild heaviness in the lid may be felt with moderately large chalazion. The Blurred vision may occur occasionally due to induced astigmatism by a very large chalazion pressing on the cornea. The Watering may occur sometimes due to eversion of the lower punctum ca...
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